zGxEPD2/examples/GxEPD2_WS_ESP32_Driver/GxEPD2_WS_ESP32_Driver.ino

// Display Library example for SPI e-paper panels from Dalian Good Display and boards from Waveshare.
// Requires HW SPI and Adafruit_GFX. Caution: the e-paper panels require 3.3V supply AND data lines!
//
// Display Library based on Demo Example from Good Display: https://www.good-display.com/companyfile/32/
//
// Author: Jean-Marc Zingg
//
// Version: see library.properties
//
// Library: https://github.com/ZinggJM/GxEPD2

// GxEPD2_WS_ESP32_Driver : GxEPD2_Example variant for Universal e-Paper Raw Panel Driver Board, ESP32 WiFi / Bluetooth Wireless
// https://www.waveshare.com/product/e-paper-esp32-driver-board.htm

// Supporting Arduino Forum Topics (closed, read only):
// Good Display ePaper for Arduino: https://forum.arduino.cc/t/good-display-epaper-for-arduino/419657
// Waveshare e-paper displays with SPI: https://forum.arduino.cc/t/waveshare-e-paper-displays-with-spi/467865
//
// Add new topics in https://forum.arduino.cc/c/using-arduino/displays/23 for new questions and issues

// mapping of Waveshare ESP32 Driver Board
// BUSY -> 25, RST -> 26, DC -> 27, CS-> 15, CLK -> 13, DIN -> 14

// NOTE: this board uses "unusual" SPI pins and requires re-mapping of HW SPI to these pins in SPIClass
//       this example shows how this can be done easily, updated for use with HSPI
//
// The Wavehare ESP32 Driver Board uses uncommon SPI pins for the FPC connector. It uses HSPI pins, but SCK and MOSI are swapped.
// To use HW SPI with the ESP32 Driver Board, HW SPI pins need be re-mapped in any case. Can be done using either HSPI or VSPI.
// Other SPI clients can either be connected to the same SPI bus as the e-paper, or to the other HW SPI bus, or through SW SPI.
// The logical configuration would be to use the e-paper connection on HSPI with re-mapped pins, and use VSPI for other SPI clients.
// VSPI with standard VSPI pins is used by the global SPI instance of the Arduino IDE ESP32 package.

// uncomment next line to use HSPI for EPD (and VSPI for SD), e.g. with Waveshare ESP32 Driver Board
#define USE_HSPI_FOR_EPD

// base class GxEPD2_GFX can be used to pass references or pointers to the display instance as parameter, uses ~1.2k more code
// enable or disable GxEPD2_GFX base class
#define ENABLE_GxEPD2_GFX 0

// uncomment next line to use class GFX of library GFX_Root instead of Adafruit_GFX
//#include <GFX.h>
// Note: if you use this with ENABLE_GxEPD2_GFX 1:
//       uncomment it in GxEPD2_GFX.h too, or add #include <GFX.h> before any #include <GxEPD2_GFX.h>

#include <GxEPD2_BW.h>
#include <GxEPD2_3C.h>
#include <GxEPD2_4C.h>
#include <GxEPD2_7C.h>
#include <Fonts/FreeMonoBold9pt7b.h>

// select the display class (only one), matching the kind of display panel
#define GxEPD2_DISPLAY_CLASS GxEPD2_BW
//#define GxEPD2_DISPLAY_CLASS GxEPD2_3C
//#define GxEPD2_DISPLAY_CLASS GxEPD2_4C
//#define GxEPD2_DISPLAY_CLASS GxEPD2_7C

// select the display driver class (only one) for your  panel
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_102     // GDEW0102T4   80x128, UC8175, (WFT0102CZA2)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_150_BN  // DEPG0150BN 200x200, SSD1681, (FPC8101), TTGO T5 V2.4.1
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_154     // GDEP015OC1  200x200, IL3829, (WFC0000CZ07), no longer available
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_154_D67 // GDEH0154D67 200x200, SSD1681, (HINK-E154A07-A1)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_154_T8  // GDEW0154T8  152x152, UC8151 (IL0373), (WFT0154CZ17)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_154_M09 // GDEW0154M09 200x200, JD79653A, (WFT0154CZB3)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_154_M10 // GDEW0154M10 152x152, UC8151D, (WFT0154CZ17)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_154_GDEY0154D67 // GDEY0154D67 200x200, SSD1681, (FPC-B001 20.05.21)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_213     // GDE0213B1   122x250, IL3895, (HINK-E0213-G01), phased out
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_213_B72 // GDEH0213B72 122x250, SSD1675A (IL3897), (HINK-E0213A22-A0 SLH1852)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_213_B73 // GDEH0213B73 122x250, SSD1675B, (HINK-E0213A22-A0 SLH1914)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_213_B74 // GDEM0213B74 122x250, SSD1680, FPC-7528B)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_213_flex // GDEW0213I5F 104x212, UC8151 (IL0373), (WFT0213CZ16)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_213_M21 // GDEW0213M21 104x212, UC8151 (IL0373), (WFT0213CZ16)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_213_T5D // GDEW0213T5D 104x212, UC8151D, (WFT0213CZ16)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_213_BN // DEPG0213BN  122x250, SSD1680, (FPC-7528B), TTGO T5 V2.4.1, V2.3.1
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_213_GDEY0213B74 // GDEY0213B74 122x250, SSD1680, (FPC-A002 20.04.08)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_260     // GDEW026T0   152x296, UC8151 (IL0373), (WFT0154CZ17)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_260_M01 // GDEW026M01  152x296, UC8151 (IL0373), (WFT0260CZB2)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_266_BN // DEPG0266BN   152x296, SSD1680, (FPC7510), TTGO T5 V2.66, TTGO T5 V2.4.1
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_266_GDEY0266T90 // GDEY0266T90 152x296, SSD1680, (FPC-A003 HB)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_270     // GDEW027W3   176x264, EK79652 (IL91874), (WFI0190CZ22)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_270_GDEY027T91 // GDEY027T91 176x264, SSD1680, (FB)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_290     // GDEH029A1   128x296, SSD1608 (IL3820), (E029A01-FPC-A1 SYX1553)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_290_T5  // GDEW029T5   128x296, UC8151 (IL0373), (WFT0290CZ10)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_290_T5D // GDEW029T5D  128x296, UC8151D, (WFT0290CZ10)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_290_I6FD // GDEW029I6FD  128x296, UC8151D, (WFT0290CZ10)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_290_T94 // GDEM029T94  128x296, SSD1680, (FPC-7519 rev.b)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_290_T94_V2 // GDEM029T94  128x296, SSD1680, (FPC-7519 rev.b), Waveshare 2.9" V2 variant
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_290_BS // DEPG0290BS  128x296, SSD1680, (FPC-7519 rev.b)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_290_M06 // GDEW029M06  128x296, UC8151D, (WFT0290CZ10)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_290_GDEY029T94 // GDEY029T94 128x296, SSD1680, (FPC-A005 20.06.15)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_310_GDEQ031T10 // GDEQ031T10 240x320, UC8253, (no inking, backside mark KEGMO 3100)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_371     // GDEW0371W7  240x416, UC8171 (IL0324), (missing)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_370_TC1 // ED037TC1  280x480, SSD1677, (ICA-FU-20 ichia 2029), Waveshare 3.7"
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_420     // GDEW042T2   400x300, UC8176 (IL0398), (WFT042CZ15)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_420_M01 // GDEW042M01  400x300, UC8176 (IL0398), (WFT042CZ15)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_420_GDEY042T81 // GDEY042T81 400x300, SSD1683 (no inking)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_426_GDEQ0426T82 // GDEQ0426T82 480x800, SSD1677 (P426010-MF1-A)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_583     // GDEW0583T7  600x448, UC8159c (IL0371), (missing)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_583_T8  // GDEW0583T8  648x480, EK79655 (GD7965), (WFT0583CZ61)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_583_GDEQ0583T31 // GDEQ0583T31  648x480, UC8179, (P583010-MF1-B)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_750     // GDEW075T8   640x384, UC8159c (IL0371), (WF0583CZ09)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_750_T7  // GDEW075T7   800x480, EK79655 (GD7965), (WFT0583CZ61)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_750_GDEY075T7  // GDEY075T7  800x480, UC8179 (GD7965), (FPC-C001 20.08.20)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_1160_T91 // GDEH116T91 960x640, SSD1677, (none or hidden)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_1248     // GDEW1248T3 1304x984, UC8179, (WFT1248BZ23,WFT1248BZ24)
// 3-color e-papers
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_154c     // GDEW0154Z04 200x200, IL0376F, (WFT0000CZ04), no longer available
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_154_Z90c // GDEH0154Z90 200x200, SSD1681, (HINK-E154A07-A1)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_213c     // GDEW0213Z16 104x212, UC8151 (IL0373), (WFT0213CZ16)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_213_Z19c // GDEH0213Z19 104x212, UC8151D, (HINK-E0213A20-A2 2020-11-19)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_213_Z98c // GDEY0213Z98 122x250, SSD1680, (FPC-A002 20.04.08)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_266c     // GDEY0266Z90 152x296, SSD1680, (FPC-7510)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_270c     // GDEW027C44  176x264, IL91874, (WFI0190CZ22)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_290c     // GDEW029Z10  128x296, UC8151 (IL0373), (WFT0290CZ10)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_290_Z13c // GDEH029Z13  128x296, UC8151D, (HINK-E029A10-A3 20160809)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_290_C90c // GDEM029C90  128x296, SSD1680, (FPC-7519 rev.b)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_420c     // GDEW042Z15  400x300, UC8176 (IL0398), (WFT0420CZ15)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_420c_Z21 // GDEQ042Z21  400x300, UC8276, (hidden)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_583c     // GDEW0583Z21 600x448, UC8159c (IL0371), (missing)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_583c_Z83 // GDEW0583Z83 648x480, EK79655 (GD7965), (WFT0583CZ61)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_750c     // GDEW075Z09  640x384, UC8159c (IL0371), (WF0583CZ09)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_750c_Z08 // GDEW075Z08  800x480, EK79655 (GD7965), (WFT0583CZ61)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_750c_Z90 // GDEH075Z90  880x528, SSD1677, (HINK-E075A07-A0)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_1248c    // GDEY1248Z51 1304x984, UC8179, (WFT1248BZ23,WFT1248BZ24)
// 4-color e-paper
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_266c_GDEY0266F51H // GDEY0266F51H 184x360, JD79667 (FPC-H006 22.04.02)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_290c_GDEY029F51H // GDEY029F51H 168x384, JD79667 (FPC-H004 22.03.24)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_290c_GDEY029F51 // GDEY029F51 128x296, JD79667 (BWRY)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_300c     // Waveshare 3.00" 4-color
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_420c_GDEY0420F51 // GDEY0420F51 400x300, HX8717 (no inking)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_437c     // Waveshare 4.37" 4-color
// 7-color e-paper
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_565c // Waveshare 5.65" 7-color
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_730c_GDEY073D46 // GDEY073D46 800x480 7-color, (N-FPC-001 2021.11.26)
//#define GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS GxEPD2_730c_ACeP_730 // Waveshare 7.3" 7-color

// somehow there should be an easier way to do this
#define GxEPD2_BW_IS_GxEPD2_BW true
#define GxEPD2_3C_IS_GxEPD2_3C true
#define GxEPD2_7C_IS_GxEPD2_7C true
#define GxEPD2_1248_IS_GxEPD2_1248 true
#define IS_GxEPD(c, x) (c##x)
#define IS_GxEPD2_BW(x) IS_GxEPD(GxEPD2_BW_IS_, x)
#define IS_GxEPD2_3C(x) IS_GxEPD(GxEPD2_3C_IS_, x)
#define IS_GxEPD2_7C(x) IS_GxEPD(GxEPD2_7C_IS_, x)
#define IS_GxEPD2_1248(x) IS_GxEPD(GxEPD2_1248_IS_, x)

#if defined(ESP32)
#define MAX_DISPLAY_BUFFER_SIZE 65536ul // e.g.
#if IS_GxEPD2_BW(GxEPD2_DISPLAY_CLASS)
#define MAX_HEIGHT(EPD) (EPD::HEIGHT <= MAX_DISPLAY_BUFFER_SIZE / (EPD::WIDTH / 8) ? EPD::HEIGHT : MAX_DISPLAY_BUFFER_SIZE / (EPD::WIDTH / 8))
#elif IS_GxEPD2_3C(GxEPD2_DISPLAY_CLASS)
#define MAX_HEIGHT(EPD) (EPD::HEIGHT <= (MAX_DISPLAY_BUFFER_SIZE / 2) / (EPD::WIDTH / 8) ? EPD::HEIGHT : (MAX_DISPLAY_BUFFER_SIZE / 2) / (EPD::WIDTH / 8))
#elif IS_GxEPD2_7C(GxEPD2_DISPLAY_CLASS)
#define MAX_HEIGHT(EPD) (EPD::HEIGHT <= (MAX_DISPLAY_BUFFER_SIZE) / (EPD::WIDTH / 2) ? EPD::HEIGHT : (MAX_DISPLAY_BUFFER_SIZE) / (EPD::WIDTH / 2))
#endif
GxEPD2_DISPLAY_CLASS<GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS, MAX_HEIGHT(GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS)> display(GxEPD2_DRIVER_CLASS(/*CS=*/ 15, /*DC=*/ 27, /*RST=*/ 26, /*BUSY=*/ 25));
#endif

// alternately you can copy the constructor from GxEPD2_display_selection.h of GxEPD_Example to here
// and adapt it to the ESP32 Driver wiring, e.g.
//GxEPD2_BW<GxEPD2_154_D67, GxEPD2_154_D67::HEIGHT> display(GxEPD2_154_D67(/*CS=*/ 15, /*DC=*/ 27, /*RST=*/ 26, /*BUSY=*/ 25)); // GDEH0154D67

// comment out unused bitmaps to reduce code space used
#include "bitmaps/Bitmaps200x200.h" // 1.54" b/w
#include "bitmaps/Bitmaps104x212.h" // 2.13" b/w flexible GDEW0213I5F
#include "bitmaps/Bitmaps128x250.h" // 2.13" b/w
#include "bitmaps/Bitmaps128x296.h" // 2.9"  b/w
#include "bitmaps/Bitmaps176x264.h" // 2.7"  b/w
#include "bitmaps/Bitmaps400x300.h" // 4.2"  b/w
#include "bitmaps/Bitmaps640x384.h" // 7.5"  b/w
// 3-color
#include "bitmaps/Bitmaps3c200x200.h" // 1.54" b/w/r
#include "bitmaps/Bitmaps3c104x212.h" // 2.13" b/w/r
#include "bitmaps/Bitmaps3c128x296.h" // 2.9"  b/w/r
#include "bitmaps/Bitmaps3c176x264.h" // 2.7"  b/w/r
#include "bitmaps/Bitmaps3c400x300.h" // 4.2"  b/w/r

#if defined(ESP32) && defined(USE_HSPI_FOR_EPD)
SPIClass hspi(HSPI);
#endif

void setup()
{
  Serial.begin(115200);
  Serial.println();
  Serial.println("setup");
  // *** special handling for Waveshare ESP32 Driver board *** //
  // ********************************************************* //
#if defined(ESP32) && defined(USE_HSPI_FOR_EPD)
  hspi.begin(13, 12, 14, 15); // remap hspi for EPD (swap pins)
  display.epd2.selectSPI(hspi, SPISettings(4000000, MSBFIRST, SPI_MODE0));
#endif
  // *** end of special handling for Waveshare ESP32 Driver board *** //
  // **************************************************************** //
  display.init(115200);
  // first update should be full refresh
  helloWorld();
  delay(1000);
  // partial refresh mode can be used to full screen,
  // effective if display panel hasFastPartialUpdate
  helloFullScreenPartialMode();
  delay(1000);
  helloArduino();
  delay(1000);
  helloEpaper();
  delay(1000);
  showFont("FreeMonoBold9pt7b", &FreeMonoBold9pt7b);
  delay(1000);
  drawBitmaps();
  if (display.epd2.hasPartialUpdate)
  {
    showPartialUpdate();
    delay(1000);
  } // else // on GDEW0154Z04 only full update available, doesn't look nice
  //drawCornerTest();
  //showBox(16, 16, 48, 32, false);
  //showBox(16, 56, 48, 32, true);
  display.powerOff();
  deepSleepTest();
  Serial.println("setup done");
}

void loop()
{
}

// note for partial update window and setPartialWindow() method:
// partial update window size and position is on byte boundary in physical x direction
// the size is increased in setPartialWindow() if x or w are not multiple of 8 for even rotation, y or h for odd rotation
// see also comment in GxEPD2_BW.h, GxEPD2_3C.h or GxEPD2_GFX.h for method setPartialWindow()

const char HelloWorld[] = "Hello World!";
const char HelloArduino[] = "Hello Arduino!";
const char HelloEpaper[] = "Hello E-Paper!";

void helloWorld()
{
  //Serial.println("helloWorld");
  display.setRotation(1);
  display.setFont(&FreeMonoBold9pt7b);
  display.setTextColor(GxEPD_BLACK);
  int16_t tbx, tby; uint16_t tbw, tbh;
  display.getTextBounds(HelloWorld, 0, 0, &tbx, &tby, &tbw, &tbh);
  // center bounding box by transposition of origin:
  uint16_t x = ((display.width() - tbw) / 2) - tbx;
  uint16_t y = ((display.height() - tbh) / 2) - tby;
  display.setFullWindow();
  display.firstPage();
  do
  {
    display.fillScreen(GxEPD_WHITE);
    display.setCursor(x, y);
    display.print(HelloWorld);
  }
  while (display.nextPage());
  //Serial.println("helloWorld done");
}

void helloWorldForDummies()
{
  //Serial.println("helloWorld");
  const char text[] = "Hello World!";
  // most e-papers have width < height (portrait) as native orientation, especially the small ones
  // in GxEPD2 rotation 0 is used for native orientation (most TFT libraries use 0 fix for portrait orientation)
  // set rotation to 1 (rotate right 90 degrees) to have enough space on small displays (landscape)
  display.setRotation(1);
  // select a suitable font in Adafruit_GFX
  display.setFont(&FreeMonoBold9pt7b);
  // on e-papers black on white is more pleasant to read
  display.setTextColor(GxEPD_BLACK);
  // Adafruit_GFX has a handy method getTextBounds() to determine the boundary box for a text for the actual font
  int16_t tbx, tby; uint16_t tbw, tbh; // boundary box window
  display.getTextBounds(text, 0, 0, &tbx, &tby, &tbw, &tbh); // it works for origin 0, 0, fortunately (negative tby!)
  // center bounding box by transposition of origin:
  uint16_t x = ((display.width() - tbw) / 2) - tbx;
  uint16_t y = ((display.height() - tbh) / 2) - tby;
  // full window mode is the initial mode, set it anyway
  display.setFullWindow();
  // here we use paged drawing, even if the processor has enough RAM for full buffer
  // so this can be used with any supported processor board.
  // the cost in code overhead and execution time penalty is marginal
  // tell the graphics class to use paged drawing mode
  display.firstPage();
  do
  {
    // this part of code is executed multiple times, as many as needed,
    // in case of full buffer it is executed once
    // IMPORTANT: each iteration needs to draw the same, to avoid strange effects
    // use a copy of values that might change, don't read e.g. from analog or pins in the loop!
    display.fillScreen(GxEPD_WHITE); // set the background to white (fill the buffer with value for white)
    display.setCursor(x, y); // set the postition to start printing text
    display.print(text); // print some text
    // end of part executed multiple times
  }
  // tell the graphics class to transfer the buffer content (page) to the controller buffer
  // the graphics class will command the controller to refresh to the screen when the last page has been transferred
  // returns true if more pages need be drawn and transferred
  // returns false if the last page has been transferred and the screen refreshed for panels without fast partial update
  // returns false for panels with fast partial update when the controller buffer has been written once more, to make the differential buffers equal
  // (for full buffered with fast partial update the (full) buffer is just transferred again, and false returned)
  while (display.nextPage());
  //Serial.println("helloWorld done");
}

void helloFullScreenPartialMode()
{
  //Serial.println("helloFullScreenPartialMode");
  const char fullscreen[] = "full screen update";
  const char fpm[] = "fast partial mode";
  const char spm[] = "slow partial mode";
  const char npm[] = "no partial mode";
  display.setPartialWindow(0, 0, display.width(), display.height());
  display.setRotation(1);
  display.setFont(&FreeMonoBold9pt7b);
  display.setTextColor(GxEPD_BLACK);
  const char* updatemode;
  if (display.epd2.hasFastPartialUpdate)
  {
    updatemode = fpm;
  }
  else if (display.epd2.hasPartialUpdate)
  {
    updatemode = spm;
  }
  else
  {
    updatemode = npm;
  }
  // do this outside of the loop
  int16_t tbx, tby; uint16_t tbw, tbh;
  // center update text
  display.getTextBounds(fullscreen, 0, 0, &tbx, &tby, &tbw, &tbh);
  uint16_t utx = ((display.width() - tbw) / 2) - tbx;
  uint16_t uty = ((display.height() / 4) - tbh / 2) - tby;
  // center update mode
  display.getTextBounds(updatemode, 0, 0, &tbx, &tby, &tbw, &tbh);
  uint16_t umx = ((display.width() - tbw) / 2) - tbx;
  uint16_t umy = ((display.height() * 3 / 4) - tbh / 2) - tby;
  // center HelloWorld
  display.getTextBounds(HelloWorld, 0, 0, &tbx, &tby, &tbw, &tbh);
  uint16_t hwx = ((display.width() - tbw) / 2) - tbx;
  uint16_t hwy = ((display.height() - tbh) / 2) - tby;
  display.firstPage();
  do
  {
    display.fillScreen(GxEPD_WHITE);
    display.setCursor(hwx, hwy);
    display.print(HelloWorld);
    display.setCursor(utx, uty);
    display.print(fullscreen);
    display.setCursor(umx, umy);
    display.print(updatemode);
  }
  while (display.nextPage());
  //Serial.println("helloFullScreenPartialMode done");
}

void helloArduino()
{
  //Serial.println("helloArduino");
  display.setRotation(1);
  display.setFont(&FreeMonoBold9pt7b);
  display.setTextColor(display.epd2.hasColor ? GxEPD_RED : GxEPD_BLACK);
  int16_t tbx, tby; uint16_t tbw, tbh;
  // align with centered HelloWorld
  display.getTextBounds(HelloWorld, 0, 0, &tbx, &tby, &tbw, &tbh);
  uint16_t x = ((display.width() - tbw) / 2) - tbx;
  // height might be different
  display.getTextBounds(HelloArduino, 0, 0, &tbx, &tby, &tbw, &tbh);
  uint16_t y = ((display.height() / 4) - tbh / 2) - tby; // y is base line!
  // make the window big enough to cover (overwrite) descenders of previous text
  uint16_t wh = FreeMonoBold9pt7b.yAdvance;
  uint16_t wy = (display.height() / 4) - wh / 2;
  display.setPartialWindow(0, wy, display.width(), wh);
  display.firstPage();
  do
  {
    display.fillScreen(GxEPD_WHITE);
    //display.drawRect(x, y - tbh, tbw, tbh, GxEPD_BLACK);
    display.setCursor(x, y);
    display.print(HelloArduino);
  }
  while (display.nextPage());
  delay(1000);
  //Serial.println("helloArduino done");
}

void helloEpaper()
{
  //Serial.println("helloEpaper");
  display.setRotation(1);
  display.setFont(&FreeMonoBold9pt7b);
  display.setTextColor(display.epd2.hasColor ? GxEPD_RED : GxEPD_BLACK);
  int16_t tbx, tby; uint16_t tbw, tbh;
  // align with centered HelloWorld
  display.getTextBounds(HelloWorld, 0, 0, &tbx, &tby, &tbw, &tbh);
  uint16_t x = ((display.width() - tbw) / 2) - tbx;
  // height might be different
  display.getTextBounds(HelloEpaper, 0, 0, &tbx, &tby, &tbw, &tbh);
  uint16_t y = (display.height() * 3 / 4) + tbh / 2; // y is base line!
  // make the window big enough to cover (overwrite) descenders of previous text
  uint16_t wh = FreeMonoBold9pt7b.yAdvance;
  uint16_t wy = (display.height() * 3 / 4) - wh / 2;
  display.setPartialWindow(0, wy, display.width(), wh);
  display.firstPage();
  do
  {
    display.fillScreen(GxEPD_WHITE);
    display.setCursor(x, y);
    display.print(HelloEpaper);
  }
  while (display.nextPage());
  //Serial.println("helloEpaper done");
}

void deepSleepTest()
{
  //Serial.println("deepSleepTest");
  const char hibernating[] = "hibernating ...";
  const char wokeup[] = "woke up";
  const char from[] = "from deep sleep";
  const char again[] = "again";
  display.setRotation(1);
  display.setFont(&FreeMonoBold9pt7b);
  display.setTextColor(GxEPD_BLACK);
  int16_t tbx, tby; uint16_t tbw, tbh;
  // center text
  display.getTextBounds(hibernating, 0, 0, &tbx, &tby, &tbw, &tbh);
  uint16_t x = ((display.width() - tbw) / 2) - tbx;
  uint16_t y = ((display.height() - tbh) / 2) - tby;
  display.setFullWindow();
  display.firstPage();
  do
  {
    display.fillScreen(GxEPD_WHITE);
    display.setCursor(x, y);
    display.print(hibernating);
  }
  while (display.nextPage());
  display.hibernate();
  delay(5000);
  display.getTextBounds(wokeup, 0, 0, &tbx, &tby, &tbw, &tbh);
  uint16_t wx = (display.width() - tbw) / 2;
  uint16_t wy = (display.height() / 3) + tbh / 2; // y is base line!
  display.getTextBounds(from, 0, 0, &tbx, &tby, &tbw, &tbh);
  uint16_t fx = (display.width() - tbw) / 2;
  uint16_t fy = (display.height() * 2 / 3) + tbh / 2; // y is base line!
  display.firstPage();
  do
  {
    display.fillScreen(GxEPD_WHITE);
    display.setCursor(wx, wy);
    display.print(wokeup);
    display.setCursor(fx, fy);
    display.print(from);
  }
  while (display.nextPage());
  delay(5000);
  display.getTextBounds(hibernating, 0, 0, &tbx, &tby, &tbw, &tbh);
  uint16_t hx = (display.width() - tbw) / 2;
  uint16_t hy = (display.height() / 3) + tbh / 2; // y is base line!
  display.getTextBounds(again, 0, 0, &tbx, &tby, &tbw, &tbh);
  uint16_t ax = (display.width() - tbw) / 2;
  uint16_t ay = (display.height() * 2 / 3) + tbh / 2; // y is base line!
  display.firstPage();
  do
  {
    display.fillScreen(GxEPD_WHITE);
    display.setCursor(hx, hy);
    display.print(hibernating);
    display.setCursor(ax, ay);
    display.print(again);
  }
  while (display.nextPage());
  display.hibernate();
  //Serial.println("deepSleepTest done");
}

void showBox(uint16_t x, uint16_t y, uint16_t w, uint16_t h, bool partial)
{
  //Serial.println("showBox");
  display.setRotation(1);
  if (partial)
  {
    display.setPartialWindow(x, y, w, h);
  }
  else
  {
    display.setFullWindow();
  }
  display.firstPage();
  do
  {
    display.fillScreen(GxEPD_WHITE);
    display.fillRect(x, y, w, h, GxEPD_BLACK);
  }
  while (display.nextPage());
  //Serial.println("showBox done");
}

void drawCornerTest()
{
  display.setFullWindow();
  display.setFont(&FreeMonoBold9pt7b);
  display.setTextColor(GxEPD_BLACK);
  for (uint16_t r = 0; r <= 4; r++)
  {
    display.setRotation(r);
    display.firstPage();
    do
    {
      display.fillScreen(GxEPD_WHITE);
      display.fillRect(0, 0, 8, 8, GxEPD_BLACK);
      display.fillRect(display.width() - 18, 0, 16, 16, GxEPD_BLACK);
      display.fillRect(display.width() - 25, display.height() - 25, 24, 24, GxEPD_BLACK);
      display.fillRect(0, display.height() - 33, 32, 32, GxEPD_BLACK);
      display.setCursor(display.width() / 2, display.height() / 2);
      display.print(display.getRotation());
    }
    while (display.nextPage());
    delay(2000);
  }
}

void showFont(const char name[], const GFXfont* f)
{
  display.setFullWindow();
  display.setRotation(0);
  display.setTextColor(GxEPD_BLACK);
  display.firstPage();
  do
  {
    drawFont(name, f);
  }
  while (display.nextPage());
}

void drawFont(const char name[], const GFXfont* f)
{
  //display.setRotation(0);
  display.fillScreen(GxEPD_WHITE);
  display.setTextColor(GxEPD_BLACK);
  display.setFont(f);
  display.setCursor(0, 0);
  display.println();
  display.println(name);
  display.println(" !\"#$%&'()*+,-./");
  display.println("0123456789:;<=>?");
  display.println("@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO");
  display.println("PQRSTUVWXYZ[\\]^_");
  if (display.epd2.hasColor)
  {
    display.setTextColor(GxEPD_RED);
  }
  display.println("`abcdefghijklmno");
  display.println("pqrstuvwxyz{|}~ ");
}

// note for partial update window and setPartialWindow() method:
// partial update window size and position is on byte boundary in physical x direction
// the size is increased in setPartialWindow() if x or w are not multiple of 8 for even rotation, y or h for odd rotation
// see also comment in GxEPD2_BW.h, GxEPD2_3C.h or GxEPD2_GFX.h for method setPartialWindow()
// showPartialUpdate() purposely uses values that are not multiples of 8 to test this

void showPartialUpdate()
{
  // some useful background
  helloWorld();
  // use asymmetric values for test
  uint16_t box_x = 10;
  uint16_t box_y = 15;
  uint16_t box_w = 70;
  uint16_t box_h = 20;
  uint16_t cursor_y = box_y + box_h - 6;
  float value = 13.95;
  uint16_t incr = display.epd2.hasFastPartialUpdate ? 1 : 3;
  display.setFont(&FreeMonoBold9pt7b);
  display.setTextColor(GxEPD_BLACK);
  // show where the update box is
  for (uint16_t r = 0; r < 4; r++)
  {
    display.setRotation(r);
    display.setPartialWindow(box_x, box_y, box_w, box_h);
    display.firstPage();
    do
    {
      display.fillRect(box_x, box_y, box_w, box_h, GxEPD_BLACK);
      //display.fillScreen(GxEPD_BLACK);
    }
    while (display.nextPage());
    delay(2000);
    display.firstPage();
    do
    {
      display.fillRect(box_x, box_y, box_w, box_h, GxEPD_WHITE);
    }
    while (display.nextPage());
    delay(1000);
  }
  //return;
  // show updates in the update box
  for (uint16_t r = 0; r < 4; r++)
  {
    display.setRotation(r);
    display.setPartialWindow(box_x, box_y, box_w, box_h);
    for (uint16_t i = 1; i <= 10; i += incr)
    {
      display.firstPage();
      do
      {
        display.fillRect(box_x, box_y, box_w, box_h, GxEPD_WHITE);
        display.setCursor(box_x, cursor_y);
        display.print(value * i, 2);
      }
      while (display.nextPage());
      delay(500);
    }
    delay(1000);
    display.firstPage();
    do
    {
      display.fillRect(box_x, box_y, box_w, box_h, GxEPD_WHITE);
    }
    while (display.nextPage());
    delay(1000);
  }
}


void drawBitmaps()
{
  display.setFullWindow();
#ifdef _GxBitmaps104x212_H_
  drawBitmaps104x212();
#endif
#ifdef _GxBitmaps128x250_H_
  drawBitmaps128x250();
#endif
#ifdef _GxBitmaps128x296_H_
  drawBitmaps128x296();
#endif
#ifdef _GxBitmaps176x264_H_
  drawBitmaps176x264();
#endif
#ifdef _GxBitmaps400x300_H_
  drawBitmaps400x300();
#endif
#ifdef _GxBitmaps640x384_H_
  drawBitmaps640x384();
#endif
#ifdef _WS_Bitmaps800x600_H_
  drawBitmaps800x600();
#endif
  // 3-color
#ifdef _GxBitmaps3c104x212_H_
  drawBitmaps3c104x212();
#endif
#ifdef _GxBitmaps3c128x296_H_
  drawBitmaps3c128x296();
#endif
#ifdef _GxBitmaps3c176x264_H_
  drawBitmaps3c176x264();
#endif
#ifdef _GxBitmaps3c400x300_H_
  drawBitmaps3c400x300();
#endif
  // show these after the specific bitmaps
#ifdef _GxBitmaps200x200_H_
  drawBitmaps200x200();
#endif
  // 3-color
#ifdef _GxBitmaps3c200x200_H_
  drawBitmaps3c200x200();
#endif
}

#ifdef _GxBitmaps200x200_H_
void drawBitmaps200x200()
{
#if defined(__AVR)
  const unsigned char* bitmaps[] =
  {
    logo200x200, first200x200 //, second200x200, third200x200, fourth200x200, fifth200x200, sixth200x200, senventh200x200, eighth200x200
  };
#elif defined(_BOARD_GENERIC_STM32F103C_H_)
  const unsigned char* bitmaps[] =
  {
    logo200x200, first200x200, second200x200, third200x200, fourth200x200, fifth200x200 //, sixth200x200, senventh200x200, eighth200x200
  };
#else
  const unsigned char* bitmaps[] =
  {
    logo200x200, first200x200, second200x200, third200x200, fourth200x200, fifth200x200, sixth200x200, senventh200x200, eighth200x200
  };
#endif
  if ((display.epd2.panel == GxEPD2::GDEP015OC1) || (display.epd2.panel == GxEPD2::GDEH0154D67))
  {
    bool m = display.mirror(true);
    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < sizeof(bitmaps) / sizeof(char*); i++)
    {
      display.firstPage();
      do
      {
        display.fillScreen(GxEPD_WHITE);
        display.drawInvertedBitmap(0, 0, bitmaps[i], display.epd2.WIDTH, display.epd2.HEIGHT, GxEPD_BLACK);
      }
      while (display.nextPage());
      delay(2000);
    }
    display.mirror(m);
  }
  //else
  {
    bool mirror_y = (display.epd2.panel != GxEPD2::GDE0213B1);
    display.clearScreen(); // use default for white
    int16_t x = (int16_t(display.epd2.WIDTH) - 200) / 2;
    int16_t y = (int16_t(display.epd2.HEIGHT) - 200) / 2;
    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < sizeof(bitmaps) / sizeof(char*); i++)
    {
      display.drawImage(bitmaps[i], x, y, 200, 200, false, mirror_y, true);
      delay(2000);
    }
  }
  bool mirror_y = (display.epd2.panel != GxEPD2::GDE0213B1);
  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < sizeof(bitmaps) / sizeof(char*); i++)
  {
    int16_t x = -60;
    int16_t y = -60;
    for (uint16_t j = 0; j < 10; j++)
    {
      display.writeScreenBuffer(); // use default for white
      display.writeImage(bitmaps[i], x, y, 200, 200, false, mirror_y, true);
      display.refresh(true);
      if (display.epd2.hasFastPartialUpdate)
      {
        // for differential update: set previous buffer equal to current buffer in controller
        display.epd2.writeScreenBufferAgain(); // use default for white
        display.epd2.writeImageAgain(bitmaps[i], x, y, 200, 200, false, mirror_y, true);
      }
      delay(2000);
      x += 40;
      y += 40;
      if ((x >= int16_t(display.epd2.WIDTH)) || (y >= int16_t(display.epd2.HEIGHT))) break;
    }
    if (!display.epd2.hasFastPartialUpdate) break; // comment out for full show
    break; // comment out for full show
  }
  display.writeScreenBuffer(); // use default for white
  display.writeImage(bitmaps[0], int16_t(0), 0, 200, 200, false, mirror_y, true);
  display.writeImage(bitmaps[0], int16_t(int16_t(display.epd2.WIDTH) - 200), int16_t(display.epd2.HEIGHT) - 200, 200, 200, false, mirror_y, true);
  display.refresh(true);
  delay(2000);
}
#endif

#ifdef _GxBitmaps104x212_H_
void drawBitmaps104x212()
{
#if !defined(__AVR)
  const unsigned char* bitmaps[] =
  {
    WS_Bitmap104x212, Bitmap104x212_1, Bitmap104x212_2, Bitmap104x212_3
  };
#else
  const unsigned char* bitmaps[] =
  {
    WS_Bitmap104x212, Bitmap104x212_1, Bitmap104x212_2, Bitmap104x212_3
  };
#endif
  if (display.epd2.panel == GxEPD2::GDEW0213I5F)
  {
    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < sizeof(bitmaps) / sizeof(char*); i++)
    {
      display.firstPage();
      do
      {
        display.fillScreen(GxEPD_WHITE);
        display.drawBitmap(0, 0, bitmaps[i], display.epd2.WIDTH, display.epd2.HEIGHT, GxEPD_BLACK);
      }
      while (display.nextPage());
      delay(2000);
    }
  }
}
#endif

#ifdef _GxBitmaps128x250_H_
void drawBitmaps128x250()
{
#if !defined(__AVR)
  const unsigned char* bitmaps[] =
  {
    Bitmap128x250_1, logo128x250, first128x250, second128x250, third128x250
  };
#else
  const unsigned char* bitmaps[] =
  {
    Bitmap128x250_1, logo128x250, first128x250, second128x250, third128x250
  };
#endif
  if ((display.epd2.panel == GxEPD2::GDE0213B1) || (display.epd2.panel == GxEPD2::GDEH0213B72))
  {
    bool m = display.mirror(true);
    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < sizeof(bitmaps) / sizeof(char*); i++)
    {
      display.firstPage();
      do
      {
        display.fillScreen(GxEPD_WHITE);
        display.drawInvertedBitmap(0, 0, bitmaps[i], display.epd2.WIDTH, display.epd2.HEIGHT, GxEPD_BLACK);
      }
      while (display.nextPage());
      delay(2000);
    }
    display.mirror(m);
  }
}
#endif

#ifdef _GxBitmaps128x296_H_
void drawBitmaps128x296()
{
#if !defined(__AVR)
  const unsigned char* bitmaps[] =
  {
    Bitmap128x296_1, logo128x296, first128x296, second128x296, third128x296
  };
#else
  const unsigned char* bitmaps[] =
  {
    Bitmap128x296_1, logo128x296 //, first128x296, second128x296, third128x296
  };
#endif
  if (display.epd2.panel == GxEPD2::GDEH029A1)
  {
    bool m = display.mirror(true);
    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < sizeof(bitmaps) / sizeof(char*); i++)
    {
      display.firstPage();
      do
      {
        display.fillScreen(GxEPD_WHITE);
        display.drawInvertedBitmap(0, 0, bitmaps[i], display.epd2.WIDTH, display.epd2.HEIGHT, GxEPD_BLACK);
      }
      while (display.nextPage());
      delay(2000);
    }
    display.mirror(m);
  }
}
#endif

#ifdef _GxBitmaps176x264_H_
void drawBitmaps176x264()
{
#if !defined(__AVR)
  const unsigned char* bitmaps[] =
  {
    Bitmap176x264_1, Bitmap176x264_2, Bitmap176x264_3, Bitmap176x264_4, Bitmap176x264_5
  };
#else
  const unsigned char* bitmaps[] =
  {
    Bitmap176x264_1, Bitmap176x264_2 //, Bitmap176x264_3, Bitmap176x264_4, Bitmap176x264_5
  };
#endif
  if (display.epd2.panel == GxEPD2::GDEW027W3)
  {
    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < sizeof(bitmaps) / sizeof(char*); i++)
    {
      display.firstPage();
      do
      {
        display.fillScreen(GxEPD_WHITE);
        display.drawInvertedBitmap(0, 0, bitmaps[i], display.epd2.WIDTH, display.epd2.HEIGHT, GxEPD_BLACK);
      }
      while (display.nextPage());
      delay(2000);
    }
  }
}
#endif

#ifdef _GxBitmaps400x300_H_
void drawBitmaps400x300()
{
#if !defined(__AVR)
  const unsigned char* bitmaps[] =
  {
    Bitmap400x300_1, Bitmap400x300_2
  };
#else
  const unsigned char* bitmaps[] = {}; // not enough code space
#endif
  if (display.epd2.panel == GxEPD2::GDEW042T2)
  {
    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < sizeof(bitmaps) / sizeof(char*); i++)
    {
      display.firstPage();
      do
      {
        display.fillScreen(GxEPD_WHITE);
        display.drawInvertedBitmap(0, 0, bitmaps[i], display.epd2.WIDTH, display.epd2.HEIGHT, GxEPD_BLACK);
      }
      while (display.nextPage());
      delay(2000);
    }
  }
}
#endif

#ifdef _GxBitmaps640x384_H_
void drawBitmaps640x384()
{
#if !defined(__AVR)
  const unsigned char* bitmaps[] =
  {
    Bitmap640x384_1, Bitmap640x384_2
  };
#else
  const unsigned char* bitmaps[] = {}; // not enough code space
#endif
  if ((display.epd2.panel == GxEPD2::GDEW075T8) || (display.epd2.panel == GxEPD2::GDEW075Z09))
  {
    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < sizeof(bitmaps) / sizeof(char*); i++)
    {
      display.firstPage();
      do
      {
        display.fillScreen(GxEPD_WHITE);
        display.drawInvertedBitmap(0, 0, bitmaps[i], display.epd2.WIDTH, display.epd2.HEIGHT, GxEPD_BLACK);
      }
      while (display.nextPage());
      delay(2000);
    }
  }
}
#endif

#ifdef _WS_Bitmaps800x600_H_
void drawBitmaps800x600()
{
#if defined(ESP8266) || defined(ESP32)
  if (display.epd2.panel == GxEPD2::ED060SCT)
  {
    //    Serial.print("sizeof(WS_zoo_800x600) is "); Serial.println(sizeof(WS_zoo_800x600));
    display.drawNative(WS_zoo_800x600, 0, 0, 0, 800, 600, false, false, true);
    delay(2000);
    //    Serial.print("sizeof(WS_pic_1200x825) is "); Serial.println(sizeof(WS_pic_1200x825));
    //    display.drawNative((const uint8_t*)WS_pic_1200x825, 0, 0, 0, 1200, 825, false, false, true);
    //    delay(2000);
    //    Serial.print("sizeof(WS_acaa_1024x731) is "); Serial.println(sizeof(WS_acaa_1024x731));
    //    display.drawNative(WS_acaa_1024x731, 0, 0, 0, 1024, 731, false, false, true);
    //    delay(2000);
  }
#endif
}
#endif

struct bitmap_pair
{
  const unsigned char* black;
  const unsigned char* red;
};

#ifdef _GxBitmaps3c200x200_H_
void drawBitmaps3c200x200()
{
  bitmap_pair bitmap_pairs[] =
  {
    //{Bitmap3c200x200_black, Bitmap3c200x200_red},
    {WS_Bitmap3c200x200_black, WS_Bitmap3c200x200_red}
  };
  if (display.epd2.panel == GxEPD2::GDEW0154Z04)
  {
    display.firstPage();
    do
    {
      display.fillScreen(GxEPD_WHITE);
      // Bitmap3c200x200_black has 2 bits per pixel
      // taken from Adafruit_GFX.cpp, modified
      int16_t byteWidth = (display.epd2.WIDTH + 7) / 8; // Bitmap scanline pad = whole byte
      uint8_t byte = 0;
      for (int16_t j = 0; j < display.epd2.HEIGHT; j++)
      {
        for (int16_t i = 0; i < display.epd2.WIDTH; i++)
        {
          if (i & 3) byte <<= 2;
          else
          {
#if defined(__AVR) || defined(ESP8266) || defined(ESP32)
            byte = pgm_read_byte(&Bitmap3c200x200_black[j * byteWidth * 2 + i / 4]);
#else
            byte = Bitmap3c200x200_black[j * byteWidth * 2 + i / 4];
#endif
          }
          if (!(byte & 0x80))
          {
            display.drawPixel(i, j, GxEPD_BLACK);
          }
        }
      }
      display.drawInvertedBitmap(0, 0, Bitmap3c200x200_red, display.epd2.WIDTH, display.epd2.HEIGHT, GxEPD_RED);
    }
    while (display.nextPage());
    delay(2000);
    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < sizeof(bitmap_pairs) / sizeof(bitmap_pair); i++)
    {
      display.firstPage();
      do
      {
        display.fillScreen(GxEPD_WHITE);
        display.drawInvertedBitmap(0, 0, bitmap_pairs[i].black, display.epd2.WIDTH, display.epd2.HEIGHT, GxEPD_BLACK);
        display.drawInvertedBitmap(0, 0, bitmap_pairs[i].red, display.epd2.WIDTH, display.epd2.HEIGHT, GxEPD_RED);
      }
      while (display.nextPage());
      delay(2000);
    }
  }
  if (display.epd2.hasColor)
  {
    display.clearScreen(); // use default for white
    int16_t x = (int16_t(display.epd2.WIDTH) - 200) / 2;
    int16_t y = (int16_t(display.epd2.HEIGHT) - 200) / 2;
    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < sizeof(bitmap_pairs) / sizeof(bitmap_pair); i++)
    {
      display.drawImage(bitmap_pairs[i].black, bitmap_pairs[i].red, x, y, 200, 200, false, false, true);
      delay(2000);
    }
    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < sizeof(bitmap_pairs) / sizeof(bitmap_pair); i++)
    {
      int16_t x = -60;
      int16_t y = -60;
      for (uint16_t j = 0; j < 10; j++)
      {
        display.writeScreenBuffer(); // use default for white
        display.writeImage(bitmap_pairs[i].black, bitmap_pairs[i].red, x, y, 200, 200, false, false, true);
        display.refresh();
        delay(1000);
        x += 40;
        y += 40;
        if ((x >= int16_t(display.epd2.WIDTH)) || (y >= int16_t(display.epd2.HEIGHT))) break;
      }
    }
    display.writeScreenBuffer(); // use default for white
    display.writeImage(bitmap_pairs[0].black, bitmap_pairs[0].red, 0, 0, 200, 200, false, false, true);
    display.writeImage(bitmap_pairs[0].black, bitmap_pairs[0].red, int16_t(display.epd2.WIDTH) - 200, int16_t(display.epd2.HEIGHT) - 200, 200, 200, false, false, true);
    display.refresh();
    delay(2000);
  }
}
#endif

#ifdef _GxBitmaps3c104x212_H_
void drawBitmaps3c104x212()
{
#if !defined(__AVR)
  bitmap_pair bitmap_pairs[] =
  {
    {Bitmap3c104x212_1_black, Bitmap3c104x212_1_red},
    {Bitmap3c104x212_2_black, Bitmap3c104x212_2_red},
    {WS_Bitmap3c104x212_black, WS_Bitmap3c104x212_red}
  };
#else
  bitmap_pair bitmap_pairs[] =
  {
    {Bitmap3c104x212_1_black, Bitmap3c104x212_1_red},
    //{Bitmap3c104x212_2_black, Bitmap3c104x212_2_red},
    {WS_Bitmap3c104x212_black, WS_Bitmap3c104x212_red}
  };
#endif
  if (display.epd2.panel == GxEPD2::GDEW0213Z16)
  {
    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < sizeof(bitmap_pairs) / sizeof(bitmap_pair); i++)
    {
      display.firstPage();
      do
      {
        display.fillScreen(GxEPD_WHITE);
        display.drawInvertedBitmap(0, 0, bitmap_pairs[i].black, display.epd2.WIDTH, display.epd2.HEIGHT, GxEPD_BLACK);
        if (bitmap_pairs[i].red == WS_Bitmap3c104x212_red)
        {
          display.drawInvertedBitmap(0, 0, bitmap_pairs[i].red, display.epd2.WIDTH, display.epd2.HEIGHT, GxEPD_RED);
        }
        else display.drawBitmap(0, 0, bitmap_pairs[i].red, display.epd2.WIDTH, display.epd2.HEIGHT, GxEPD_RED);
      }
      while (display.nextPage());
      delay(2000);
    }
  }
}
#endif

#ifdef _GxBitmaps3c128x296_H_
void drawBitmaps3c128x296()
{
#if !defined(__AVR)
  bitmap_pair bitmap_pairs[] =
  {
    {Bitmap3c128x296_1_black, Bitmap3c128x296_1_red},
    {Bitmap3c128x296_2_black, Bitmap3c128x296_2_red},
    {WS_Bitmap3c128x296_black, WS_Bitmap3c128x296_red}
  };
#else
  bitmap_pair bitmap_pairs[] =
  {
    //{Bitmap3c128x296_1_black, Bitmap3c128x296_1_red},
    //{Bitmap3c128x296_2_black, Bitmap3c128x296_2_red},
    {WS_Bitmap3c128x296_black, WS_Bitmap3c128x296_red}
  };
#endif
  if (display.epd2.panel == GxEPD2::GDEW029Z10)
  {
    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < sizeof(bitmap_pairs) / sizeof(bitmap_pair); i++)
    {
      display.firstPage();
      do
      {
        display.fillScreen(GxEPD_WHITE);
        display.drawInvertedBitmap(0, 0, bitmap_pairs[i].black, display.epd2.WIDTH, display.epd2.HEIGHT, GxEPD_BLACK);
        if (bitmap_pairs[i].red == WS_Bitmap3c128x296_red)
        {
          display.drawInvertedBitmap(0, 0, bitmap_pairs[i].red, display.epd2.WIDTH, display.epd2.HEIGHT, GxEPD_RED);
        }
        else display.drawBitmap(0, 0, bitmap_pairs[i].red, display.epd2.WIDTH, display.epd2.HEIGHT, GxEPD_RED);
      }
      while (display.nextPage());
      delay(2000);
    }
  }
}
#endif

#ifdef _GxBitmaps3c176x264_H_
void drawBitmaps3c176x264()
{
  bitmap_pair bitmap_pairs[] =
  {
    {Bitmap3c176x264_black, Bitmap3c176x264_red}
  };
  if (display.epd2.panel == GxEPD2::GDEW027C44)
  {
    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < sizeof(bitmap_pairs) / sizeof(bitmap_pair); i++)
    {
      display.firstPage();
      do
      {
        display.fillScreen(GxEPD_WHITE);
        display.drawBitmap(0, 0, bitmap_pairs[i].black, display.epd2.WIDTH, display.epd2.HEIGHT, GxEPD_BLACK);
        display.drawBitmap(0, 0, bitmap_pairs[i].red, display.epd2.WIDTH, display.epd2.HEIGHT, GxEPD_RED);
      }
      while (display.nextPage());
      delay(2000);
    }
  }
}
#endif

#ifdef _GxBitmaps3c400x300_H_
void drawBitmaps3c400x300()
{
#if !defined(__AVR)
  bitmap_pair bitmap_pairs[] =
  {
    {Bitmap3c400x300_1_black, Bitmap3c400x300_1_red},
    {Bitmap3c400x300_2_black, Bitmap3c400x300_2_red},
    {WS_Bitmap3c400x300_black, WS_Bitmap3c400x300_red}
  };
#else
  bitmap_pair bitmap_pairs[] = {}; // not enough code space
#endif
  if (display.epd2.panel == GxEPD2::GDEW042Z15)
  {
    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < sizeof(bitmap_pairs) / sizeof(bitmap_pair); i++)
    {
      display.firstPage();
      do
      {
        display.fillScreen(GxEPD_WHITE);
        display.drawInvertedBitmap(0, 0, bitmap_pairs[i].black, display.epd2.WIDTH, display.epd2.HEIGHT, GxEPD_BLACK);
        display.drawInvertedBitmap(0, 0, bitmap_pairs[i].red, display.epd2.WIDTH, display.epd2.HEIGHT, GxEPD_RED);
      }
      while (display.nextPage());
      delay(2000);
    }
  }
}
#endif